科技複雜性與商業生態系 Technological complexity and Business Ecosystem

The increasing popularity of the “business ecosystem” concept in (business) strategy reflects that it is seen as one way to cope with increasingly dynamic and complex business environments. Nevertheless, the lack of a convincing model of a business ecosystem has led to the development of software which only give organisations a partial aid whilst neglecting their need for adaptation. Research in Multi-Agent Systems has proved to be suitable for modelling interactions among disparate sort of entities such as organisations. On the other hand, natural ecosystems continue to adapt themselves to changes in their dynamic and complex environments. In this paper, we present the Dynamic Agent-based Ecosystem Model. It combines ideas from natural ecosystems and multi-agent systems for business interactions.

非線性思考的商業生態理論

社會科學研究長久以來，視化約論和決定論的線性思考方式是社會科學研究的主流，而非線性的現象一直未受到其應有的重視。

80 年代起，探究非線性動態系統的混沌、複雜……等理論的出現，凸顯了線性思考不完備的事實，提供了另一種的觀點。所謂的複雜科學(Complexity Science)或者是複雜調適系統觀點(Complex Adaptive System perspective)是發源於數學、物理學與生物學等領域的研究(Schroeder, 1991)，涵蓋了許多不同的學門與典範，包含了複雜理論(Complexity Theory)、耗散結構(Dissipative Structure)理論、混沌理論(Chaos Theory)、碎形理論(Fractal Theory)…等等。

共演化與複雜適應(complex adaptive system)

企業是有生命的，要演化成什麼樣子，是由環境或成員間的互動來決定，因循著簡單的規則而隨機的互動著，導致行為難以預測。

我可以控制我的電子寵物，但是無法控制我家的狗；如果是一群狗，行徑就更難掌控了。電子寵物是依照設計者的邏輯在行動，我家的狗卻是有心智的，而且很容易受到環境些微變化的影響，導致行為難以預測。

商業生態的覆亡 An Ecosystem Crashes

商業生態的覆亡 An Ecosystem Crashes
In 2006, the Boston Globe Magazine covered a dramatic story of ecosystem failure. The tale focused on a Rhode Island bookkeeper who embezzled 9 million dollars over the course of six years. Before she was discovered, a host of businesses popped up to support her extravagant spending. A horse trainer, thrilled by her new client旧 appetite for all things equestrian, committed herself full-time to the embezzler旧 projects. A horticulturist turned away new customers for three months in order to create the floral design for a lavish wedding planned by the embezzler.

Apple傳奇

app store是個極為成功商業應用!

Facebook的商業生態系探討

facebook利用facebook的平台與應用程式介面API)
成功發展出facebook的生態系。
facebook公司扮演platform owner的角色！

英代爾公司的電子商務生態系統

英代爾的投資範圍涉及世界各地多達425家高科技或與之相關的公司，是個實力雄厚的風險投資商，其通過龐大的投資來形成企業協作網路從而實現互聯網戰略 的方法令人耳目一新。英代爾公司為了完成從晶片生產商到互聯網建築模組生產商的轉變，僅在2000年，英代爾就收購了12家公司和企業，收購總額約60億 美元。